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Note: To allow for pilots flying in Saturday morning, class will start promptly at 10 am on Saturday and end before 5 pm on Saturday. Class will resume promptly at 8:30 am on Sunday and finish about 3:30 pm on Sunday to allow pilots to fly out before sunset. These times are subject to change. A confirmation e-mail will be sent to you a couple days prior to the seminar that will identify any significant changes to this schedule. Lunches will be provided on Saturday and Sunday around noon each day. Breakfast or refreshments will not be provided either day. Under the Weather
Saturday Under The Weather introduction and welcome Pilots will be welcomed with a brief overview of the planned weekend activities. A brief summary of each topic will be highlighted and what the student will learn in each of the four seminar segments. Numerical Weather Prediction and the Anatomy of a Low In this segment the student will be introduced to four numerical weather prediction models (Eta, NGM, GFS, and RUC). All forecasts available today are based on the careful analysis of the data from weather forecasting models. The characteristics of each of these model will be briefly described in this segment. Pilots can utilize model output to identify the location of adverse weather two or three days in advance. With a detailed knowledge of the adverse weather a pilot might face, scheduling can be done effectively to avoid pressures with a last minute go/no decision. As a result, the student will learn how to interpret both the 1000-500 mb thickness mean sea level (MSL) pressure chart and other upper level constant pressure charts that are produced by these forecasting models. Related topics will be discussed:
Parcel Theory and Adiabatic Diagrams In the second segment, the concept of parcel theory and thermodynamic diagrams will be explored. Radiosondes are launched twice daily; actual temperature and dew point temperature are plotted as a function of pressure (altitude) on thermodynamic diagrams such at the Skew-T Log P chart. Moreover, some forecasting models produce hourly forecast data that can be plotted on this diagram. The student will be give an exercise to plot temperature and dew point temperature on this thermodynamic chart. Additionally, the student will be asked to find the cloud bases. The following related topics will be discussed:
Icing Scenario Introduction
Sunday Why is ice not so nice? In this segment, the student will learn and review the way structural icing can affect the aircraft. Structural icing is a result of supercooled liquid water droplets within a cloud or in freezing rain or freezing drizzle. Aircraft skin and ambient temperature play a critical role in the probability for icing conditions to exist. The following related topics will be discussed:
Meteorological factors In the segment, the student will learn about the meteorological factors that increase the likelihood of icing conditions. Icing conditions are more prevalent in cumuliform clouds as compared to stratiform clouds. 80% of the icing encounters reported by pilots were in a frontal zone. The dew point depression (temperature dew point spread) is a key indicator of the potential for icing conditions. The following related topics will be discussed:
Upper air observations and forecasts In the segment, the student will learn about the use of radiosonde and thermodynamic diagrams such as the Skew-T Log P diagram. A Skew-T diagram is one of the absolute best ways to assess icing potential within 24 hours from your planned departure. The Rapid Update Cycle model produces 12 hour forecasts and produces data that can be displayed on this diagram. The following related topics will be discussed:
Icing examples In the segment, the student will see a comparison of a harmless icing encounter with a more serious one. These examples will show why products such as the winds/temperatures aloft don't provide the pilot with enough information to predict icing conditions. The following related topics will be discussed:
Continued Icing Scenario Discussion
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